The sharp rise in whooping cough cases this year is causing concern among both parents and health professionals. According to new data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there are five times as many cases of whooping cough (pertussis) this year compared to the same time last year, with more than 18,500 confirmed cases nationwide.
While this outbreak may feel overwhelming, understanding the symptoms and preventive measures can help protect your family.
Why are we seeing a surge in whooping cough?
Experts believe a combination of post-pandemic exposures, waning immunity, and decreased vaccination rates may have contributed to the spread of pertussis.
Dr. Thomas Russo, professor of infectious disease at the University of Buffalo, told Verywell Health, “We’re seeing the same things with pertussis that we’ve seen with a variety of infections post-pandemic.” Safety measures like social distancing and masking, which helped curb the spread of infectious diseases, are no longer in place, leaving more people exposed.
As Dr. Thomas Russo, professor of infectious disease at the University of Buffalo, explained to Verywell Health, “We’re seeing the same things with pertussis that we’ve seen with a variety of infections post-pandemic.” Safety measures like social distancing and masking, which curbed the spread of infectious diseases, are no longer in place, leaving more people exposed.
Vaccine hesitancy has also played a key role. According to Dr. Tina Tan, president-elect of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, “With the increase in vaccine hesitancy that has been going on since the COVID-19 pandemic, we’re seeing outbreaks occurring in kids who are not vaccinated,” as reported to NBC News.
Moreover, the pertussis vaccine’s effectiveness wanes over time. Babies receive the DTaP vaccine, which protects against pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus, but the protection against pertussis fades as they age. Dr. Amesh Adalja from Johns Hopkins University explained to Verywell Health that “Adults infected with whooping cough can cough for quite a long time—sometimes this is referred to as the ‘hundred days cough’,” highlighting the need for booster shots, which are recommended every 10 years.
Several regions of the U.S. are experiencing especially severe outbreaks, with notable spikes in Pennsylvania, Illinois, and Nebraska, where local health departments report dramatic increases in cases among school-aged children.
Recognizing the symptoms of whooping cough
In its early stages, whooping cough can easily be mistaken for a common cold, but the symptoms quickly become more severe. Here are the signs to look out for:
- Runny nose
- Mild fever
- Severe coughing fits followed by a high-pitched “whoop” sound
- Vomiting after coughing
- Exhaustion after coughing fits
Babies may not develop the characteristic “whoop,” but they might experience troubled breathing, vomiting, or even pauses in breathing (apnea). If your child exhibits any of these symptoms, it’s critical to seek medical attention immediately.
Why are infants and pregnant women at risk?
Infants, especially those too young to be vaccinated, are at the greatest risk for severe whooping cough. This is why pregnant women are encouraged to receive a Tdap booster during each pregnancy. Dr. Ericka Hayes, Senior Medical Director of Infection Prevention at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, told CHOP that “It’s extremely important that pregnant individuals get a whooping cough booster with every pregnancy. This allows their baby to be born with lifesaving antibodies.” These antibodies help protect newborns before they are old enough to receive the vaccine themselves.
What parents can do to protect their families
The CDC recommends vaccination as the best defense against whooping cough. The DTaP vaccine is typically given to infants starting at two months, followed by boosters throughout childhood. Booster shots for teens and adults are recommended every 10 years, starting when children enter middle school.
Beyond vaccination, parents should:
- Stay vigilant for symptoms, especially in babies and toddlers.
- Ensure all household members are up to date on their vaccinations, including booster shots.
- Practice good hygiene—regular hand washing and wearing masks in crowded areas can help reduce the spread of germs.
- Limit exposure to those who are sick, particularly if your baby hasn’t completed the full DTaP series.
If you’re concerned about potential exposure or symptoms, contact your pediatrician for guidance. Early diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics can significantly reduce complications and prevent further spread.
The bottom line
Vaccination is highly effective at preventing whooping cough and its serious complications, especially in infants and pregnant women. Talk to your doctor to ensure your family is protected, and stay informed about the symptoms to catch whooping cough early.
